Susan Glaspell, the playwright.

In writing ... remember that the biggest stories are not written about wars, or about politics, or even murders. The biggest stories are written about the things which draw human beings closer together.

SUSAN GLASPELL, Little Masks

Once a strong and intelligent woman, the life of Susan Keating Glaspell (1876-1948) took a 180 degrees turn with her deteriorating health, her miscarriage, the death of her husband and later the rejection of her much younger lover. Glaspell changed her scenery in search of serenity but failed and turned to alcohol to sooth her disturb soul as she had stopped writing at the same time. 

As a young lady, she fought against the social stigma that education kills femininity. She took classes that were dominated by male students and at the same time kept her social life interesting. Her first column as a reporter was called "The News Girl" in which she discussed about the logic of women demanding for the traditional powers of men without losing the traditional protection of a women. Her later works helped her develop a theme in her stories that revolve around characters with personal integrity that was against society's approval.

Despite her downfall personally and creatively, she soar when she received an offer to direct Midwest Play Bureau (MPB) for the Federal Theater Project, a division of the Works Progress Administration. Although she held onto the rocking seat for only two years, her life improved from there. She helped her younger brother, Ray, by giving her royalty checks to those in need. Glaspell gave away her long-kept baby clothes (she lost the baby) to her abused maid to help her start with a new life.

Glaspell  had a creative soul and this was proved as she was a Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright, actress, director, and bestselling novelist. She co-founded Provinceton Players, an idea that was given by her husband. Calling themselves as The Players, Glaspell devoted most of her time writing plays and acting in some of them. It was her darling possession shared with great friends and most importantly strengthen the bond between her and her husband, George Cram Cook, who died of glanders yet his legacy lived on through Glaspell's writings of her soulmate.

After nine novels, fourteen plays and numerous short stories as well as articles, Susan Glaspell passed away at the age of 72. She remained as an inspiring writer, a dear good friend to all. 

Her Works:

Drama

-Trifles (1916)

- Inheritors (1921)

- Alison's House (1930)

Novel

- Fidelity (1915)

- Brook Evans (1928)

- Norma Ashe (1942)

Short Stories

- Lifted Masks (1912)

- A Jury of Her Peers (1927)

References:

1. http://www.davenportlibrary.com/genealogy-and-history/local-history-info/the-people/susan-glaspell/
2. http://blogs.shu.edu/glaspellsociety/sample-page/
3. http://wps.ablongman.com/long_kennedy_lfpd_9/22/5820/1489995.cw/index.html

Trifles

image taken from http://favim.com/image/344475/

Explorations of the Text


2. What clues lead the women to conclude that Minnie Wright killed her husband?

- As Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters were packing Minnie Wright's personal items, they came across undone and disturbed chores around the kitchen. This suggested that Minnie Wright's daily routine was interrupted by something or someone serious and left her in a state of numbness as she did not cleanup the kitchen afterwards.

The prominent clue was when the women discovered a cage with a broken hinge and later a well wrapped dead canary placed in a small box. Once a beautiful bird, it cheered up Minnie Wright with its singing and sense of freedom, all that was taken away after the marriage. The dead canary's neck was broken almost similar to Mr. Wright's neck. This backs-up the weapon of choice used to kill Mr. Wright, a rope instead of a gun that was owned by him. The usage of a gun would not give the same satisfaction or effect as to revenge by strangulation.


3. How do the men differ from the women? from each other?

- The men in Trifles were portrayed as typical sexist human beings. This was repeatedly shown throughout the play as they kept tying up women to trifle things, in the sense of their chores and topics that concern them. The men blamed Minnie Wright to be incompetent for the dullness of the home that contributed to the failed marriage (concluded as they were figuring out motives). There was not suggestion that the men thought Mr. Wright had any fault in the marriage or leading to his death.

The three men, a farmer, a Court Attorney and the sheriff only differed in the sense of education, age and profession.

The women found comfort in each other as they entered the house of the crime with the men. They only opened up as soon they were left alone in the kitchen to pack Minnie Wright's personal belongings. Mrs. Hale was very particular about the chores left undone by Minnie Wright and even attempted to complete the chores herself, a shown when she mended Minnie Wright's unfinished quilt. Meanwhile, Mrs. Peters seemed ignorant by choice as she was married to the law. She abide by the rules and her husband, repeatedly reminding Mrs. Hale to mind her own business and to not interfere with the works of the men.

Mrs. Hale felt guilty for she stopped coming by and accompany Minnie Wright as she soon found the house to be gloomy. She thought she could have helped Minnie Wright survive the marriage. Although Mrs. Peters was swaying her way from the issue most of the time, she could not help but spilled her own encounter with loneliness after she had lost her baby. Both women, each connected with Minnie Wright in their own ways decided to save her for the last time as they hid the evidences/motive from the men.


4.  What do the men discover? Why did they conclude "Nothing here but kitchen things"? What do the women discover?

- The men went around the house determined to find Minnie Wright's motif for the kill yet they failed to do so. However, they did not inspect the kitchen for their mind had set there were nothing but trifles in the kitchen, thus clouded their better judgments. For having to stay in the kitchen, the women came across an abundant of evidences that lead to their discovery for the Minnie Wright's motif. For both women found connections with Minnie Wright and the understanding of her sufferings during the marriage, they chose to hide their findings away from the men.

Mr Refaat Alareer, a Literary Scholar.

"Poetry can transcend social barriers." - Refaat Alareer

He writes what he sees

he writes what he believes

yet he is not a poet.

He speak with his words

he draws with his thoughts

yet he is not an artist.

He breaks barriers

he tears down walls;

there is more to Gaza

than we all know.

How they take pride

in their fruits- olives

as it was their legacy.

How they take pride

in their education

as it builds bridges.

How they love 

deeply, madly with 

the possibilities

of human will.


***
six elements to write poetry, according to him
1. Believe in yourself.
2. Read good poetry.
3. Have the will to write.
4. Scribble down thoughts.
5. Imitate till you find yourself.
6. Be yourself.

of Blood and Pride.

picture taken from http://www.sonofthesouth.net/uncle-sam/world-war-1-poster.htm

World War 1 (1914-1918) was first known as the Greatest War that involved hopes and expectations of a better tomorrow by taking down their own 'enemy'. The naive souls were not prepared for the mass destruction of land and humanity that showered them with blood. Realising it was too late to take back their roaring propaganda and promises, these shivered soldiers swallowed their paranoia as they know they were going to die with pride.

Siegfried Sassoon, Suicide in the Trenches

I knew a simple soldier boy

Who grinned at life in empty joy,

Slept soundly through the lonesome dark,

And whistled early with the lark.

In winter trenches, cowed and glum,

With crumps and lice and lack of rum,

He put a bullet through his brain.

No one spoke of him again.

     .     .     .     .

You smug-faced crowds with kindling eye

Who cheer when soldier lads march by,

Sneak home and pray you'll never know

The hell where youth and laughter go.

image taken from http://www.swintonfitzwilliam.org/?p=1874

World War 2 (1939-1945). At the end of the war the camps were so filled with the dead and the dying that they were serious health hazards to the local population, even after the survivors had been rescued. 

Beside A German Waterfall - Author unknown

Beside a German waterfall

On a very bright summer day

Beside a shattered airplane a navigator lay.

His pilot hung from a coconut tree

He was not yet quite dead

So listen to the very last words the navigator said.

We're going to a better land

Where everything's all right

Where whiskey flows from telephone poles

Play poker every night

We'll never have to work again

Just sit around and listen

We'll have beaucoup wild women

Oh death where is thy sting.

References:

1. http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/111ww1.html
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_poet
3. http://world-war-2.info/poems/
4. http://www.historynotes.info/world-war-ii-aftermath-facts-1298/

Of art; Poetry and Drama.

POETRY.

·         "Poetry may make us see the world afresh, or some new part of it. It may make us from time to time a little more aware of the deeper, unnamed feelings to which we rarely penetrate." – T.S. Elliot

·         Ted Nellen’s 5 points of poetry

o   Poetry is a concentrated thought.

o   Poetry is a kind of word-music.

o   Poetry expresses all the senses.

o   Poetry answers our demand for rhythm.

o   Poetry is observation plus imagination.

·         Types

o   Ballad

o   Concrete

o   Confessionals

o   Free Verse

o   Elegies (mourning and lamenting)

o   Epic

o   Epigram

o   Haiku

o   Sonnet (Shakesperean and Latin)

o   Villanelle

image taken from http://www.keepcalm-o-matic.co.uk/p/keep-calm-and-write-poetry-70/

Savior

voice suppressed.

hands tied.

suffocated and lost.

voices penetrated.

hands shoved.

discriminated and alone.

and my thoughts

they wander in hell

pulling my heart

into the torturous fire.

but with these papers

they patch me up

with these ink and lead

they sew myself back.

***

    DRAMA.

image taken from http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/16158740-painted-faces

·         "The theatre was created to tell people the truth about life and social situation." - Stella Adler

·         Elements

o   Character (Major/Minor)

o   Soliloquy/Monologue/Dialogue

o   Action

o   Plot

o   Setting

o   Symbolism

o   Irony (Verbal/Sturctural)

o   Theme

·         Forms

o   Tragedy- humans accepting their inevitable fate

o   Comedy- absence of pain

o   Melodrama- humans living in paranoia and anger

o   Tragicomedy- society struggles through the state of flux

o   Farce- exaggerated human physicals

o   Dark comedy

o   Interlude- genre that was famous in the medieveal times

o   History plays

o   Cycle plays- stories are from the Bible

o    Documentary

o    Mucical

image taken from http://relationary.wordpress.com/2009/07/

References

1. Jones, Janie. "The Forms of Drama." Santa Monica College. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2013.

2. Nellen, Ted. "Poetry." Ted Nellen. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Oct. 2013.

3. University, Pacific. "Marvin Bell - On Poetry." YouTube. YouTube, 17 June 2007. Web. 05 Oct. 2013.

Unwritten.

There was a time

I was certain

the stars and moon

the sun and clouds

were just above you.

All you had to sweat

was about was tip toeing

not to just touch

but to grab them.

I did not see

it were the thunders

blizzards and hurricanes

 that you're willing to keep.

And in your flood

I was gasping for light

I kicked the earth

but nothing

helped me to surface.

Alas, you're reaching for the sun

blowing away the mud

picking me out from my death

alas, you are what

I've known you to be.

Preface to a Twenty Volume Suicide Note, Amiri Baraka

Lately, I've become accustomed to the way

the ground opens up and envelops me

each time I go out to walk the dog.

Or the broad-edged silly music the wind

makes me when I run for a bus...

Things have come to that.

And now, each night I count the stars,

and each night I get the same number.

And when they will not come to be counted,

I count the holes they leave.

Nobody sings anymore.

And then last night, I tiptoed up

to my daughter's room and heard her

talking to someone, and when I opened

the door, there was no one there...

only she on her knees, peeking into

Her own clasped hands.

***

image taken from http://antaryamin.wordpress.com/category/satsang/page/2/

Exploration of the Text. 

1. What is the mood of the speaker in the opening lines? What images suggest his feelings?

- The speaker has lose his interest to continue living, thus making his mood melancholic. Such can be proven when he said he's been accustomed to the wind blowing that it no longer excites him.

2. What is the significance of the daughter's gesture of peeking into "her own clasped hands"?

- His daughter peeking into her own clasped hands suggests that her faith in God is still strong and believes in Him, inadvertently telling the speaker to not give up on life.

3. What does the title mean? How does it explain the closing line?

- "Preface" suggests that this poem is one of many more, perhaps in a book containing notes regarding suicide. "Her own clasped hands" shows that we can always make a difference in our life, it leads back to ourselves. Suicide is done by one's own choice and the decision to "clasped hands" is when one has decided to not give up on oneself.

4. Why does Baraka have three short lines, separated as stanzas? How do they convey the message of the poem?

- The first line, "things have come to that" and the second line "nobody sings anymore" are to emphasize the stanzas before whereby the speaker is telling us that he indeed has become "accustomed" to life that none of its element is moving him. The third line, "her own clasped hands" is turning the poem into a new direction by showing us that the young and innocent daughter of his still has beliefs and is doing something (praying) to keep her life.

5. Why does Baraka begin stanzas with "Lately," "And now," and "And then"? What do these transition words accomplish?

- The transition words shows that the speaker's thoughts, emotions and opinions have been first emphasized then shifted as he witnesses his daughter praying.

6. How does the speaker feel about his daughter? What does she represent to him?

-  With the way the speaker talks about his daughter, she is a symbol of hope and faith. She is also could be the reason why the speaker has yet to take his own life.